Wane tasiri karɓa-karɓa ke yi wajen zaɓen shugaban Najeriya?

Tsarin karɓa-karɓa na cikin manyan tsare-tsaren da suke ɗaukar hankali a siyasar Najeriya, musamman ganin yadda tsarin ke hana wani yanki takara domin ana tunanin lokaci ne na wani yanki daban.

Batun ya fara yamutsa hazo ne bayan tsohon gwamnan jihar Kano Rabiu Kwankwaso ya nuna aniyarsa ta amincewa da matsayin mataimaki ga Peter Obi, mutumin da ake kyautata zaton shi ne zai tsaya takarar shugaban ƙasa ƙarƙashin jam'iyyar NDC, wadda tuni ta ware takarar shugaban ƙasa ga kudancin ƙasar.

Sai dai ya bayyana cewa ƴan Najeriya sun daina la'akari da yankin da ɗan takara ya fito ko ƙabila da addininsa, inda ya nanata cewa ƴan ƙasar sun fi sha'awa ko buƙatar mulki mai kyau.

A Najeriya, akwai ƙabilu sama da 250 da suka barbazu a yankuna daban-daban na ƙasar, duk da cewa akwai manyan ƙabilu guda uku: Hausawa, Yarbawa da Ibo, waɗanda suka fi yawan jama'a.

Sai dai idan lokacin zaɓen ya yi, a kan tsaga ƙasar zuwa biyu ne: Kudanci da Arewacin Najeriya, inda ake amfani da tsarin idan arewa ta yi, sai a bai wa kudu ta yi, sannan a juya.

Yankunan Najeriya

Najeriya ƙasa ce mai faɗi da yawan al'umma, amma akwai yankuna guda shiga da ƙasar ta rabu duk da cewa ana samun mutanen wani yankin a wani yankin na daban.

Bayan an raba takarar zuwa yanki, a yankin ma sai a shiga batun shiyya-shiyya, inda kowace shiyya ke hanƙoron tsayar da ɗantakara, sannan akan samu ƙorafin danniya daga wasu sassan daban.

Bayan na shugaban ƙasa, zaɓen gwamnoni da na sanatoci da ƴanmajalisa ma na fuskantar irin waɗannan rigingimun wajen tsayar da ƴantakara.

Ana tunanin rasuwar Umar Musa Yar'Adua a shekarar 2010 ta taka rawa wajen sauya lissafin karɓa-karɓa, inda tsohon shugaban ƙasa Goodluck Jonathan ya cigaba da mulki kafin Muhammadu Buhari ya kayar da shi a zaɓen shekara ta 2015.

Sai dai ba dukkan jam'iyyun Najeriya ba ne suke da wannan tsarin, wanda hakan ya sa ake cigaba da samun wasu ƴantakara da suke fitowa tsayawa ko da kuwa ba lokacin yankinsu ba ne.

Asalin karɓa-karɓar shugabanci a Najeriya

Asalin kalmar ta karɓa-karɓa dai ba ta cikin kundin tsarin mulkin Najeriya, ƴan siyasa suna amfani da ita ne a tsarin fahimtar juna da ake kira "gentleman's agreement"

Jam'iyyar PDP ce ta fara saka tsarin a kundin tsarin mulkinta, inda sashe na 7(3)(c) na kundin tsarin mulkin jam'iyyar ya bayyana cewa za su riƙa amfani da tsarin karɓa-karɓa wajen raba takara da masu riƙe da madafun iko.

Farfesa Abubakar Kari masanin kimiyyar siyasa ne a Jami'ar Abuja, ya ce asali an fara amfani da tsarin ne tun a zamanin siyasar jam'iyyar NPN a lokacin Jamhuriya ta biyu.

Ya ce hikimar tsarin a wancan lokacin ita ce bai wa kowane ɓangare damar shiga harkokin mulki a dama da su a matsayinsu na ƴan ƙasa da suke da ƴancin zaɓe ko takara.

"Tunda Najeriya ƙasa ce mai al'umma daban-daban, don haka maimakon mulki ya tsaya a hannun wasu ko wani yanki ɗaya, sai suka yi tsari domin samun daidaito, sannan kowane ɓangare ya ji ana yi da shi. Wato a bai wa kowane ɓangare damar," in ji Kari.

Ya ce sun yi hakan ne domin guje wa dawwamar da mulki a ɓangare ɗaya idan aka riƙa kasawa a faifai kawai kamar yadda tsarin yake a dimukuraɗiyya kasancewar akwai yankin da ya fi yawan al'umma.

Sai dai ya ce masu irin wannan tunanin sun yi taka-tsantsan, "domin duk kururuwar da aka riƙa yi, ba su yarda sun saka tsarin karɓa-karɓar a kundin tsarin mulkin Najeriya ba," in ji Farfesa Kari.

Ko karɓa-karɓa na da alfanu?

Farfesa Abubakar Kari ya ce ya danganta ne da yadda mutane suke kallon abin.

Ya ce wasu na da fahimtar cewa dimokuraɗiyya ita ce a kasa a faifai, duk mai yawan jama'a ya ɗauka, amma a cewarsa akwai masu fahimtar cewa dimokuraɗiyya ita ce a ba kowane ɓangare dama ya ji ana yi da shi.

"Amma ni ina ganin za a iya cewa tsarin ya biya kuɗin sabulu saboda ko ba komai, a matakin tarayya har yanzu babu wani yanki da za a ce ya yi kane-kane a kan mulki," in ji Kari.

Amma masanin harkokin siyasar ya ce tsarin ya fi amfani da tasiri a matakin tarayya ne, inda a cewarsa har yanzu wasu jihohi akwai ƙabilu ko yankin da suke kane-kane a mulki.

"Misali ka ga kamar jihar Binuwe, tun da aka ƙirƙiri jihar, al'ummar Idoma kaɗai suke mulki. Wasu jihohin kuma za ka ga yanki ko ɓangare ɗaya ne a cikin ɓangarori uku ke muki," in ji shi.

Masanin siyasar ya ƙara da cewa akwai abubuwa da yawa da suke tasiri wajen sauya akalar zaɓuka a yankuna daban-daban na Najeriya.

Farfesa Kari ya ce daga ciki akwai ƙabilanci da addini da aƙida, domin a cewarsa, har yanzu akwai masu zaɓe saboda aƙida da fahimta.