Igihe Attenborough yahuraga n'ingagi – inkuru y'urugendo rwe mu Rwanda n'igice cyamugize ikirangirire kuri TV

Ni cyo gihe cyibukwa cyane mu mwuga w'itangazamakuru wa Sir David Attenborough. Ni igice gito cyerekana uburyo yahuye n'itsinda ry'ingagi zo mu misozi zikinira mu ishyamba riri mu Rwanda.

Agira ati: "Hari ubusobanuro bwinshi n'ukumvikana hagati yacu iyo duhuje amaso n'ingagi kurusha indi nyamaswa iyo ari yo yose nzi," abivugira kuri camera, mu gihe ingagi y'ingore imwitegereza imwegereye cyane.

Amashusho y'ikiganiro cye cyo mu 1979 cyitwa Life on Earth ntabwo yatunguranye gusa, ahubwo yanagaragaje ukuri kwimbitse ku isano ikomeye dufitanye n'ibinyabuzima byo mu bidukikije.

Mu gihe Sir David asatira imyaka 100 azuzuza ku itariki ya 8 z'ukwezi kwa 5, yagaragaye muri filmi mbarankuru ebyiri zisubiza amaso inyuma kuri uko guhura kutibagirana no ku nkuru y'ibyabaye kuri uwo muryango w'ingagi zo mu birunga nyuma yaho.

Mu gukora Life on Earth: Uru rugendo rudasanzwe rwa Attenborough rugaruka ku wa 9 Mutarama(1) 1978, umunsi Attenborough n'itsinda rye bageze mu misozi y'Ibirunga.

Bari bagamije kwerekana cyari cyoroshye – igikumwe cy'ingagi.

Attenborough yashakaga gusobanura uko gukura kw'ibikumwe n'intoki byafashije inyamaswa zo mu bwoko bw'abantu (apes) gufata ibikoresho. Ni yo yari inkuru.

Kubera iyo ntego, itsinda ryazamutse umusozi uhanamye wa metero 3,000 kugira ngo babashe kubona n'akanya gato ingagi zo mu misozi zari zisigaye ari nke cyane.

Abari mu itsinda bari bafite impungenge.

Guhiga inyamaswa no kuzishimuta kugira ngo zijyanwe mu nzu zorererwamo inyamaswa (zoo) cyangwa kuzica gusa byari byaragabanyije cyane umubare w'ingagi zo mu misozi, ku buryo zari hafi gushira. Mu birunga zari zisigaye zitageze kuri 285.

Nanone kandi, zari zigoye kandi ziteye ubwoba kwegerwa.

Inzira yabo rukumbi yari ukwizera no kugirana umubano n'umuntu umwe uziga akazimenya aho mu misozi – impuguke y'Umunyamerika ku ngagi, Dian Fossey, washinze ikigo cy'ubushakashatsi cya Karisoke muri Pariki y'Ibirunga mu Rwanda.

Yamenyekanye cyane mu 1970 ubwo yagaragaraga ku rupapuro rwa mbere rw'ikinyamakuru National Geographic, ariko Attenborough yari afite gushidikanya ko yazemera ko itsinda rya filimi ryegera ingagi ze.

Ariko nyuma y'ibyumweru bike bamwoherereje ibaruwa isaba, yabasubije abemerera kuza.

Ati: "Nta buryo twari bwegere ingagi tudafashijwe na Dian."

"Ni we watweretse uriya muryango kandi anatwigisha uko twitwara turi kumwe na zo. Ntugomba guhanga amaso ingagi kuko ibyo bishobora kuzitera uburakari. Ugomba kureba hasi kandi ukavuga amajwi ameze nk'ayo zo zikoresha."

Izi nama ni zo zatumye itsinda ribasha kwegera ingagi kurusha uko bari babyiteze.

Poppy na Pablo

Igihe bari bamaze kwisanga hagati mu muryango w'ingagi, itsinda ryiteguye ko Attenborough agira icyo avugira kuri camera. Ariko imwe mu ngagi nto, Poppy, yatangiye kugerageza kumukuramo inkweto.

Indi ngagi y'icyana ifite amatsiko, Pablo y'imyaka itatu, yaraje imuryama hejuru ayikorakora ku mutwe, mu gihe indi ngagi y'ingore ntoya yamuhindukije umutwe, imurebe mu maso, nyuma ishyira urutoki mu kanwa ke (Attenborough) inasohora amajwi nk'imuvugisha.

Ati: "Nagerageje gusubiza uko nshoboye."

Abafata amashusho bari bategereje. Ibi byo gukina n'ingagi si byo bari bagiye gufata amashusho, ndetse ibikoresho byo gufatiraho byari bicye, ntibashakaga kubipfusha ubusa bafata uwari uyoboye igikorwa ari kuzenguruka hasi akinana na Pablo na Poppy.

Nk'umunota umwe cyangwa ibiri y'iyo mikino niyo bafashe. Birumvikana ko Attenborough we yari aho yikinira yishimye cyane.

Ati: "Byari kimwe mu bihe by'agaciro gakomeye mu buzima bwanjye...

"[N'ubu] Ndanabirota. Ni kimwe mu byiza cyane umuntu ushishikajwe n'ibidukikije ashobora kwifuza kubona".

Mu gihe bari bamaze kumanuka ku musozi bagatangira kugenda n'imodoka, ibintu byatangiye kugenda nabi. Bumvise urusaku rw'amasasu.

Ati: "Twakaze imbere mu ikorosi dusanga hari umurinzi witwaje imbunda."

Abasirikare b'u Rwanda barabahagaritse kuri bariyeri yari imbere. Itsinda rye ryajyanywe ku biro bya polisi ribazwa ibibazo ku byo bakoraga, maze bafungirwa muri hoteli ijoro ryose.

Mu gitondo gikurikira, Attenborough n'umufotozi we bajyanywe mu kigo cya gisirikare i Kigali, bahagarikwa mu zuba rikaze kugeza ubwo komanda w'abasirikare abarekuye.

Filime yabo y'agaciro ntiyafashwe, barishimye cyane igihe indege yabavanye mu Rwanda yahagurukaga.

Igihe Life on Earth yatambukaga mu 1979, yari intsinzi ikomeye cyane, ihindura uburyo ibiganiro ku bidukikije byerekanwa kuri televiziyo.

Yagurishijwe mu bihugu hafi ya byose ku isi, kandi abantu miliyoni 500 bayibonye babonye ingagi mu ishusho nshya.

Icyo gice ari kumwe n'ingagi cyanasize umurage ukomeye. Attenborough yegereye umuryango wo kurengera ibidukikije Fauna and Flora, washinze umushinga wa Mountain Gorilla Project ugamije kurinda izo nyamaswa.

Mu 1985, hashize imyaka irindwi nyuma yo guhura na Attenborough, Dian Fossey yarishwe.

Urupfu rwe rwatumye ikibazo cy'ingagi kirushaho kumenyekana ku bantu benshi, hakurikiraho gahunda zo kwigisha no guteza imbere ubukerarugendo bushingiye ku bidukikije.

Nubwo hatigeze habaho igihe umuntu yavuga ko ingagi zitekanye burundu, ubu hari ingagi zigera kuri 600 ku misozi y'ibirunga.

Ni inkuru y'intsinzi mu kurengera ibidukikije, kandi itsinda rinini ry'ingagi riri mu Birunga rishobora guhera kuri cya gihe cya Life on Earth.

Pablo, umukuru w'itsinda (silverback)

Imbarankuru nshya kuri Netflix, A Gorilla Story: ivugwa na David Attenborough, yakurikiranye uwo muryango ugizwe n'abakomoka kuri Pablo, ya ngagi nto y'amatsiko yafashwe amashusho mu 1978.

Sir David agira ati: "Icyo gihe sinari nzi ubuzima budasanzwe Pablo azagira cyangwa umurage azasiga… sinzigera mwibagirwa."

Akiri akana, Pablo yari yaratereranywe na nyina, bituma kuba yarakuze akagera ku kuba mukuru biba igitangaza. Ariko inkuru ye yarenze aho.

Dr Tara Stoinski, ukuriye Dian Fossey Gorilla Fund, asobanura ko Pablo yabaye umukuru w'itsinda rye (silverback), umwanya uhabwa gusa abagabo bafite imbaraga n'ubuyobozi bukomeye. Yapfuye afite imyaka 33 ubwo yarwanaga arengera umuryango we.

Ati: "Inkuru y'itsinda rya Pablo ntiyari yarigeze ivugwa."

Ariko kimwe no mu gufata amashusho kwa Attenborough mu myaka ya 1970, ibintu ntibyagenze nk'uko byari byitezwe.

Mu minsi irenga 250 bafata amashusho, abakomoka kuri Pablo bari mu ntambara ikomeye yo guhatanira ubuyobozi hagati y'ingagi eshatu z'ingabo, byateje kurwana, kwicwa no kuririra abapfuye. Nk'uko byagenze mu 1978, ingagi ni zo zongeye kwiyandikira inkuru.

Kuri Stoinski, cya gihe cyo guhura n'ingagi cyagize ingaruka zirambye kubera gutungura no gushimisha cyateye abacyibonye.

Ati: "Tubasha kubona byinshi biduhuza na zo, tukiyumva mu myitwarire yazo kuko isa n'iyacu. Umwana w'imyaka itatu ashobora kuza akicara ku bibero byawe nk'aho uri intebe. Na Pablo, ikiri nto, ni ko yabigenje kuri David.

"Kandi icyizere cyari gihari, ni cyo cyatunguraga abantu… ntibari bazi ko umuntu ashobora kubana n'ingagi muri ubwo buryo."

Mu kiganiro Life on Earth, nubwo cyari gifite intego ya siyansi, icyo gice cy'ingagi cyari gitangaje kandi cyuzuye ubuzima cyahindutse ubutumwa bukomeye. Aho kuba abantu twareba ibidukikije, ingagi zagaragaje amatsiko kuri uwo muntu witwa Attenborough.

Intera abantu batekerezaga ko iri hagati y'abantu n'ibindi binyabuzima yarazimye. Ingagi si inyamaswa zo mu ishyamba gusa, zifite ubuzima bwuzuye amarangamutima akomeye zifatanya, zita ku zindi, zirwana, ziga kandi zihindura imyitwarire.

Nk'uko Attenborough yabivuze mu mashusho ya mbere: "Tubona isi kimwe nk'uko na zo ziyibona."

Hari impamvu nyinshi zituma icyo gihe cyuje ubwuzu n'urukundo hagati y'abantu n'ingagi gihinduka kimwe mu by'ingenzi byigeze kugaragara kuri televiziyo.