Ko mutum-mutumi na iya maye gurbin yaƙin sojoji a nan gaba?

Ana iya wayar gari a samu mutum-mutumi ya ɗara yawan sojojin da ke fagen daga a Ukraine, kamar yadda wani kamfanin ƙera makamai na Birtaniya da Ukraine ya shaida wa BBC.

Hakan na zuwa ne bayan da Shugaban Ukraine Volodymyr Zelensky, cikin watan da ya gabata, ya ce sojojin Rasha sun sake mamaye yankin ta hanyar amfani da mutum-mutumi da jirage marasa matuƙa a karon farko.

Ɓangarorin biyu sun yi ta amfani da jirage marasa matuƙa a lokacin yaƙin, inda masu sharhi suka ce yaƙin ya kawo ci gaba sosai a fasahar ƙera makaman yaƙi.

Sai dai hakan ya janyo muhawara game da makomar yaƙi da tasirin hakan kan sojoji.

A wani bidiyo da aka fitar cikin watan Afrilu wanda ke nuna sabbin makamai na mutum-mutumi, Zelensky ya ce jirage marasa matuƙa da makamai masu sarrafa kansu sun ƙwace wani ɓangare na maƙiya".

Rundunar sojin Ukraine ta ƙi t ba da cikakken bayani kan samamen.

Sai dai, iƙirarin ya gabaci wanda aka yi a watan Fabarairu cewa an yi amfani da mutum-mutumi wajen daƙile yunƙurin Rasha na nausawa yankin tsawon kwanaki 45.

Wasu daga cikin makaman bayanai sun ce kamfanin UFORCE na Ukraine da Birtaniya ne ya ƙirƙira.

Kamfanin ya faɗaɗa ayyukansa kuma a baya-bayan nan darajarsa ta kai fiye da dala biliyan ɗaya.

BBC ta ziyarci UFORCE a ofishinsa na London, wanda ba a yi wa wata alama ba kuma a wani wuri na ɓoye, matakin da kamfanin ya ce an ɗauka ne domin kare shi daga maƙarƙashiyar Rasha.

Wakilin kamfanin bai ce komai ba kan bidiyon Zelensky amma ya ce a yanzu haka ana amfani da jirage marasa matuƙa na kamfanin UFORCE a wuraren yaƙi.

"Ba zan yi bayani dalla dalla ba game da samamen ko rawar da UFORCE ta taka, amma mun yi nasara a shirye-shiryen yaƙi 150,000 tun mamayar da Rasha ta yi a 2022," in ji Daraktar tsare-tsaren hulɗa a kamfanin, Rhiannon Padley.

Ta ƙara da cewa akwai yiwuwar yaƙi ta hanyar amfani da mutum-mutumi ya zama ruwan dare inda makamai masu sarrafa kansu ka iya haura adadin sojoji.

Rasha na tura mutum-mutumi da aka ƙirƙira domin kai abubuwan fashewa zuwa yankunan Ukraine, masu sharhi kuma sun ce irin hakan na iya sauya yadda yaƙi zai kasance a gaba.

"Ina kallon Ukraine a matsayin babbar abin koyi nan gaba ta fuskar tsaro da makamai," in ji Melanie Sisson, wata babbar jami'a a cibiyar Brookings.

UFORCE na cikin ƙungiyar kamfanonin tsaro da ke ƙalubalantar daɗaɗɗun kamfanoni irin su BAE Systems da Boeing da Lockheed Martin.

Wani kamfanin fasahar tsaron na Amurka, Anduril wanda ya gwada wani jirgin yaƙinsa mai sarrafa kansa a watan Fabarairu.

Yayin da mutane ke sarrafa galibin jirage marasa matuƙa, kamfanoni irin su Anduril na ci gaba da amfani da fasahar ƙirƙirarriyar basira ta AI a harkar makamai.

Jirage marasa matuƙa na UFORCE na amfani da wasu manhaja da aka ƙirƙira domin su taimaka wajen sarrafawa yayin da Aduril ya ce wasu makamansu na iya ba da gudunmawa a matakin ƙarshe na yaƙi.

Gwamnatin Amurka ta fito ta yi kira ga rundunar sojinta da ta rungumi fasahar AI.

A watan Janairi, Sakataren tsaro Pete Hegseth ya ce akwai buƙatar ƙasar ta zama "rundunar yaƙi ta farko mai amfani da AI".

Ita ma China tana ƙara amfani da makamai masu fasahar AI, a cewar nazarin da sashen tsaro na Amurka ya wallafa bara.

Masu nazari sun ce zai yi wuya a iya kaucewa zamanin da za a ga mutum-mutumi na gwabza yaƙi da mutum-mutumi.

"Tuni jirage masara matuƙa na Ukraine da Rasha suka yaƙar juna," in ji Jacob Parakilas na cibiyar bincike ta RAND Europe. "

Ƙungiyoyin kare haƙƙin bil adama, sun yi gargaɗi cewa cin gashin kai a batun mallakar makamai na ƙara haifar da damuwa game da ɗaukan alhakin abin da ya faru.

"Rundunonin soji na rungumar AI domin hanzarta wasu ayyuka kamar gano maƙiya amma miƙa ragamar yin zaɓi kan abubuwan da suka shafi rayuwa ko mutuwa ga na'ura na tattare da babban haɗari," in ji Patrick Wilcken na ƙungiyar Amnesty International.

Masu ƙera makamai sun ce ci gaba da amfani da mutane wajen sarrafa makamai zai yaƙi waɗannan matsalolin, inda ya dage cewa matakin tura sojoji abu ne da ya rataya a wuyan sojojin.

"Mutane na buƙatar hutu da abinci sannan a ƙarƙashin shirye-shiryen yaƙi, ba a biyan waɗannan buƙatun," in ji Dakta Rich Drake, Manajan Gudanarwa a masana'antar Anduril.

"Yin amfani da na'ura na ba mu damar rage kura-kurai awajen kai hare-hare."