Inyuma ya Hormuz, umuhora wa Panama ni wo ukurikira?

Mu gihe intambara Amerika na Israel zatanguje kuri Irani ibandanya guhungabanya uruja n'uruza rw'ubwato muri Hormuz, umwe mu mihora y'ingobane ikoreshwa cane kw'isi mu gutwara igitoro, ku birometero ibihumbi n'ibihumbi uvuye muri ako karere, hari uwundi muhora ufise akamaro kadasanzwe mu vya politike n'umutekano utanguye kuba ihuriro rishasha ry'amatati: ni umuhora wa Panama, uhuza ibahari za Atlantique na Pacifique.

Amerika yaragabishije ko hamwe ijambo Ubushinwa bufise muri ako gace ryobandanya kwiyongera, bishobora gushira mu kaga ubucuruzi mpuzamakungu n'umutekano w'isi.

Ivyo Ubushinwa buvyamirira kure. Ahubwo nabwo bwagiriza Washington gukoresha ayo majambo nk'urwitwazo n'amayeri vyo kurondera ingene yagura ijambo ryayo muri ako karere.

Igihugu ca Panama, gisanzwe kiri hagati y'izo mpande zibiri, carasubiriye gushimangira ubwigenge n'ubutavogerwa bwaco kuri uwo muhora, kinavuga ko utazokwigera ugira uruhande na rumwe wegamira.

Umuhora wa Panama ni iki canke ukora gute?

Umuhora wa Panama ni inzira y'amazi yaciwe n'abantu, ifise uburebure bw'ibirometero hafi 80. Ni umuhora uca mu gice c'ubutaka citwa 'isthme de Panama', ugahuza ibahari za Atlantique na Pacifique.

Uwo muhora utuma ubwato bwirinda urugendo rurerure rwo kuzunguruka Cape Horn, ku mpera za Amerika y'Epfo, bigatuma umwanya n'amafaranga bwari gukoresha mu gutwara ibintu bigabanuka cane.

Kugira burengane muri uwo muhora, ubwato buratanga amafaranga. Kandi urugero rwayo ruvana n'imizigo buba butwaye, ubunini bwabwo, n'ubwoko bwabwo. Ni nako bigenda mu muhora wa Suez wo mu Misiri.

Umuhora wa Panama ukoresha uburyo n'ubuhinga bw'inzugi z'amazi zitwa 'locks'. Izo nzugi zifasha kuduza ubwato kuva ku rugero rw'amazi y'ibahari ikabushikana ku rugero rw'ikiyaga Gatun, hanyuma ikongera ikabumanukana gushika ku rugero rw'amazi y'iyindi bahari, ku rundi ruhande.

Iyo ubwato buriko buraca muri uwo muhora, bukoresha amamiliyoni y'ama 'gallons' y'amazi meza, ava mu kiyaga Gatun no mu bigega vy'amazi biri hafi.

Uku kwisunga amazi meza bituma uwo muhora uja mu kaga k'uko amazi ashobora gukama. Iyo urugero rw'amazi rugabanutse, abajejwe kuwukurikirana barashobora kugabanya uburebure bw'amazi ubwato bwemerewe kugenderamwo, bigatuma ubwato butwara imizigo mike kandi ubushobozi rusangi bw'iyo nzira bukagabanuka.

Kubera iki igitigiri c'ubwato buca muri uwo muhora congerekanye?

Nk'uko amakuru atangwa n'urwengo mpuzamakungu ruhagarariye ibijanye no gutwara ibintu n'ubwato 'Baltic International Shipping Council' (BIMCO) avyerekana, igitigiri c'ubwato bwaciye mu muhora wa Panama uwu mwaka gushika muri Rusama (5) ciyongereye ku rugero rwa 8%, ugereranije n'ubwahaciye mu kiringo nk'ico nyene mu mwaka uheze.

BIMCO ibandanya ivuga ko mu ndwi zitanu zakurikiye intango y'intambara ya Amerika kuri Irani, igitigiri c'ubwato bwaciye muri uwo muhora congerekanye ku rugero rwa 16%, ugereranije n'ikiringo nk'ico mu mwaka uheze.

Iyo ntambara yarahungabanije cane uruja n'uruza mu muhora wa Hormuz, usanzwe ucishwamwo hafi ica gatanu c'igitoro n'amasoko ntanganguvu bikenerwa ku rwego rw'isi. Ivyo vyatumye abaguzi bo muri Aziya bongereza kugura igitoro gikomoka ku nkengera z'ikigobe ca Amerika.

Igice kinini c'ico gitoro gica mu muhora wa Panama, hagati y'ibahari za Atlantique na Pasifique.

Ukwiyongera kw'uruja n'uruza muri uwo muhora kwatumye ubwato bumara umwanya munini burindiriye, ivyateye uguhiganwa kugenda kwiyongera cane mu gihe ubwato bwose buba buriko burondera ikibanza co gucamwo. Mbere n'amafaranga butanga kugira buronke uburenganzira bwo kurengana yariyongereye ku rugero runini.

Birashika ko amwe mu mashirahamwe atwara ibidandazwa ariha amamiliyoni y'amadolare ku masoko ateza icamunara kugira aronke ikibanza co kurengana ningoga muri uwo muhora wa Panama.

Umwitwarariko wa Amerika ku Bushinwa ni uwuhe?

Iyi ngorane ahanini ijanye no kurwanira kuronka ijambo muri ako gace kurusha kuba iyijanye n'uwo muhora ubwawo.

Mu myaka mirongo iheze, ishirahamwe ryo muri Hong Kong ryitwa CK Hutchison, biciye mw'ishirahamwe ryaryo rishamikiye kuri Panama Ports Company, ni ryo ritunganya rikanakurikirana ibivuko vya Balboa na Cristobal, biri ku mpera z'umuhora wa Panama ku ruhande rw'ibahari ya Pacifique n'urw'iya Atlantique, biciye ku masezerano ryagiranye na reta ya Panama.

Naho iryo shirahamwe canke reta y'Ubushinwa bitigeze bihagararira uwo muhora, abategetsi ba Amerika bagumye berekana amakenga ku bijanye n'amashirahamwe afitaniye isano n'Ubushinwa akorera mu bibanza biwukikuje, cane cane mu bivuko, hamwe no mu bikorwa remezo bijanye no gutwara ibintu.

Amatati yarongerekanye inyuma y'uko, mu ntango z'uyu mwaka, sentare nkuru ya Panama itangaje ko uburyo bw'amategeko bwari bushigikiye amasezerano ya CK Hutchison ajanye no gucunga ivyo bivuko bunyuranye n'ibwirizwa nshingiro.

"Washington ibona abatunganya n'abacunga ibivuko bafitaniye isano n'Ubushinwa nk'uruhome ruhambaye kandi ruteye amakenga hafi y'ibibanza yigeze kuba igenzura, mu gihe Beijing ibona Panama nk'igihugu gitoya kiriko kirahatirwa gukuraho amasezerano yemewe n'amategeko." Ni ko Orlando J. Perez abivuga.

Yongerako ko ivyo bishira mu kaga ingingo itegekanya ko uwo muhora utagira aho wegamiye.

Ariko Jorge Heine, umuhinga yanonosoye ibijanye n'ibibazo mpuzamakungu kuri kaminuza ya Chili, avuga ko izo mpari "zidafise ishingiro na gato". Ashimangira ko CK Hutchison yatanguye gukorera mu karere k'umuhora wa Panama kuva mu 1997, igihe hari hasigaye amezi make gusa ngo Hong Kong isubire mu butegetsi bw'Ubushinwa.

Agira ati: "Ico bakora ni ugucungera amakarato, imizigo vy'ibidandazwa n'ibindi bikorwa bijanye n'ibivuko". Abandanya ati: "Ntibacunga uwo muhora ubwawo."

Umukuru wa Amerika, Donald Trump, yagiye avuga incuro nyinshi ko Ubushinwa bumaze kuronka ijambo rikomeye cane muri Panama. Mbere yagiye yerekana ko Amerika ishobora kwisubiza ububasha yahorana kuri uwo muhora, iciyumviro Panama yamiriye kure rwose.

Ikindi mu bitera umutima uhagaze ubutegetsi bwa Trump, buvuga ko Beijing mu gisa no kwihora yaciye yongereza inguvu mu kugenzura ubwato muri uwo muhora.