NASA yashize ahabona intambwe zikurikira zo kwubaka ikigo gihoraho ku kwezi

Ikigo ca Amerika kijejwe ikirere, NASA, cashize ahabona ido n'ido ry'ingene amarobo agiye gushika ku kwezi, amamashini y'ubwikorezi (amadrone) hamwe n'imodoka bategekanya kurungika ku kwezi mu mugambi wa Reta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika wo kwubaka ikigo ku kwezi.

Ikompanyi y'ikirere ya Jeff Bezos, Blue Origin, iri mu makompanyi menshi yacaguwe kugira ngo ahingure aya mamashini.

Amerika ishaka gusubiza Abanyamerika ku kwezi imbere y'uko Perezida Donald Trump ava ku butegetsi mu 2029.

Ariko NASA iriko irasiganwa n'Ubushinwa mu rugamba rwo gusubiza kiremwamuntu ku butaka bw'ukwezi, ibi bikaba bisigura ko iriko ihatirwa kwerekana ko iriko iratsinda uru rugamba rushasha ku vyerekeye ikirere.

Ubushinwa buriko burashira inguvu zose mu migambi yabwo yo kurungika kiremwamuntu ku kwezi bitarenze mu 2030.

Ku wa mbere, bwarungitse ikigendajuru cabwo citwa Shenzhou-23, burungika umurwi w'abagendajuru ku kigo cabwo co mu kirere citwa Tiangong.

Mu kwezi kwa gatatu, NASA yatangaje umugambi w'imiriyaridi 20 z'amadorari yo kwubaka ikigo gihoraho ku kwezi, kizokoreshwa n'inguvu za nikleyeri hamwe n'umuyagankuba uturutse ku mishwarara y'izuba, ku gice co mu bumanuko bw'ukwezi, bitarenze mu 2032.

Umukuru wa NASA, Jared Isaacman, yavuze ku wa kabiri ko ibi bisigura ko Amerika itazokwigera isubira guhagarika umugambi wo kurungika kiremwamuntu ku kwezi.

Ikigo co ku kwezi kizoshobora guha akaryo Amerika ko gukora ubushakashatsi bwa siyansi, kuronka no gukura ibintu vy'agaciro biri ku kwezi, kandi ikoroherwa no gutegura ingendo zo ku mubumbe wa Mars.

Ariko abahinga benshi babona ko igihe NASA yihaye kidashoboka.

Nubwo Amerika yashoboye kurungika abagendajuru bane mu micungararo y'ukwezi mu butumwa bwayo bwa Artemis II mu kwezi kwa kane, bamwe mu bahinga babona ko Ubushinwa ari bwo bugiye gukurikira mu gushikana kiremwamuntu ku rusirusi rw'ukwezi.

Dr Simeon Barber, umuhinga mu bijanye n'ukwezi kuri Open University, yabwiye BBC News ko bitomutangaza "na gatoyi ari nka hamwe Ubushinwa bwoshikayo ubwa mbere", afatiye ku ngorane NASA yagiye igira mu kuronka ikigendajuru gishobora gushikana kiremwamuntu ku kwezi.

Umugambi wa NASA uzwi nka Ignition Moon Base ugizwe n'ibice bitatu.

Imbere y'uko kiremwamuntu ajayo, iki kigo c'ikirere gishaka kurungika amarobo hamwe n'amadrone kugira ngo asuzume kandi akore ikarata y'ukuntu ubutaka bw'ukwezi bugoye buhagaze.

Hazokwongerwamwo n'imodoka zishobora kwunguruza abagendajuru ku butaka bw'ukwezi, kandi zitware ibikoresho vy'itumanako n'ibikoresho vya siyansi bikenerwa mu bushakashatsi.

Ku wa kabiri w'iyi ndwi iriko irarangira, NASA yavuze ko amakompanyi arimwo Blue Origin, Intuitive Machines na Astrobotic yaronse amasoko yo kwubaka ayo mamashini.

NASA ishaka ko ikigendajuru cayo ca Blue Origin citwa Endurance gishikayo neza cane, kikaba kandi gifise ubushobozi bwo kwijana no kwigenzura conyene ubwaco.

Vyitezwe ko irobo yitwa Griffin-1 igwa ku mwobo wa Nobile Crater uri hafi y'uruhande rw'ubumanuko bw'ukwezi

Izo mashini zizotwara kandi ibikoresho vya siyansi vya NASA, harimwo kamera (camera) zifata amashusho asobanutse cane hamwe n'ibikoresho bikoresha umuco w'imishwarara ikaze cane mu gufasha iki kigendajuru kugwa neza.

Ubwo bushakashatsi bukoresha amarobo buzobandanya gushika mu 2029, bukaba buzogira ingendo 25 no gushikana amatoni ane y'ibikoresho ku kwezi, nk'uko Carlos García Galán, ajejwe umugambi wo kwubaka ikigo ku kwezi, yabivuze ku wa kabiri.

Inyuma y'ivyo, NASA ishaka kwubaka ibibanza bikoresha inguvu za nikleyeri hamwe imishwarara y'izuba ku kwezi, harimwo ivyuma vyo gushwanyaguza utunyangingo tw'amabuye y'agaciro mu ntumbero yo kwimbura izi nguvu.

Bitarenze mu 2032, iki kigo kijejwe ibirere cipfuza ko abantu boshobora kuba ku kwezi mu mazu ashobora kumara igihe kirekire ariko atari burundu.

Imodoka zo ku kwezi (rovers) na zo zishobora kuzofasha abagendajuru gufata ingendo ndende ku butaka bw'ukwezi bw'ibibuyebuye.

Igice co mu bumanuko bw'ukwezi ni ngirakamaro cane kubera ko ibarafu ihari ishobora gukoreshwa nk'amazi yo kunywa canke mu gutanga umwuka wa oxygen.

Ariko rero, imigambi ya NASA ishingiye ku kuba hari ikigendajuru gishobora kuba cikwije kandi gifise umutekano mu gutwara abantu ku kwezi.

Ikompanyi SpaceX ya Elon Musk yahawe amasezerano yo kwubaka ikigendajuru citwa Starship Human Landing System, ariko ni igikorwa cagiye gihura n'ibibazo kandi gicererwa.

Umuhinga mu bijanye n'ukwezi Simeon Barber asigura ati: "Igikorwa kigoye cane ni ugushitsa abagendajuru ku butaka bw'ukwezi."

Yongera akavuga ati: "Mbona ari nk'aho [NASA] igeze aho ibwirizwa gutangura kuvuga ko ifise imigambi. Ni co gituma nibaza ko hariho poritike iyinyegeje inyuma muri ibi."