Ibi ni ibihugu 10 bifite ubukungu bukomeye cyane muri Afurika mu 2026

Buri mwaka, Ikigega Mpuzamahanga cy'Imari (IMF/FMI) gisohora raporo yacyo y'Icyerekezo cy'Ubukungu bw'Isi, (World Economic Outlook) aho imibare y'umusaruro rusange w'ubukungu bw'Afurika itera impaka nyinshi kurenza ibisobanuro birambuye bitangwa.

Iyi mibare ikunze gukoreshwa nk'ikimenyetso cy'iterambere ry'umugabane cyangwa nk'ikibutsa ko Afurika igifite urugendo mu bukungu.

Igikunze kuboneka ni isuzuma risobanutse ry'ibintu bituma buri bukungu butera imbere, imiterere y'ibanze isobanura izo nzego,n'impinduka z'igihe kirekire zigaragara binyuze mu makuru.

Ibitekerezo bya IMF byo muri Mata (3) 2026 bitanga amahirwe yo kuva ku ngingo zisanzwe zibanda ku bukungu buri hejuru bumwe na bumwe ahubwo bagasuzuma mu buryo bwagutse urutonde rw'ubukungu bwa Afurika mu buryo bwuzuye.

Ibi bikurikira ni ibihugu 10 bifite ubukungu buri hejuru muri Afurika mu 2026.

1. Afurika Y'Epfo

Afurika y'Epfo ikomeje kuguma ku mwanya wayo w'imbere nk'igihugu gikomeye mu bukungu bwa Afurika.

Ubukungu bwayo bwiyongereyeho hafi 11% bugera kuri miliyari 427 z'amadolari y'Amerika umwaka ushize, nk'uko byatangajwe na Business Day ya Nigeria.

Kuba kuri uyu mwanya bishingiye ku kuba hari urwego rw'imari rwateye imbere cyane, amasoko y'imari yimbitse, n'inganda zigezweho kuva ku bucukuzi bw'amabuye y'agaciro kugeza ku nganda z'ibicuruzwa binyuranye.

Nubwo hari imbogamizi zikomeje kubaho nko kubura amashanyarazi, ibibazo by'ubwikorezi n'ibikorwaremezo byo gukwirakwiza ibicuruzwa, ndetse n'umuvuduko mu ishyirwa mu bikorwa ry'ivugurura ry'ubukungu, urwego rw'ubuhanga n'iterambere ry'imiterere y'ubukungu biracyatandukanya Afurika y'Epfo n'ibindi bihugu byinshi ku mugabane mu rwego rw'ubukungu.

Ni umwanya iki gihugu kimazeho imyaka ibarirwa muri za mirongo, kandi ugaragaza imiterere y'ubukungu buhanitse, nta kindi gihugu cya Afurika cyashoboye kwiyubaka kuri iki kigero kugeza ubu.

Isoko ry'imigabane rya Johannesburg riracyari isoko rya mbere ku mugabane w'Afurika mu bijyanye n'imari n'imigabane.

Inganda, ubucukuzi bw'amabuye y'agaciro, serivisi z'imari, ubuhinzi, n'izindi serivisi zagutse bituma Afurika y'Epfo ibona inyungu ihanitse y'inyungu z'umusaruro ugereranije n'ibindi bihugu byinshi bya Afurika.

2. Misiri

Misiri nayo ikomeje gufata umwanya wa kabiri, aho ubukungu bwayo bwazamutseho 17% bugera kuri miliyari 314 z'amadolari.

Iterambere ryatewe n'ishyirwa mu bikorwa ry'imishinga minini y'ibikorwa remezo, kwagura agace k'ubukungu ka Suez Canal, ndetse n'ishingiro rigari ry'ubukungu harimo urwego rw'ubukerarugendo, ubwubatsi n'ingufu.

Amavugurura mu bukungu ashyigikiwe n'inguzanyo mpuzamahanga na yo yagize uruhare mu kuzahura ubukungu no gukururaabashoramari.

Ariko, Misiri iracyafite ibyago bikomeye biterwa n'izamuka ry'ibiciro ndetse n'izamuka ry'ifaranga, ibintu bikomeje kugira ingaruka ku bukungu bwayo.

3. Nigeria

Nigeria, ifite umusaruro rusange wa miliyari 334 z'amadolari, iza ku mwanya wa gatatu muri Afurika.

Ifite abaturage barenga miliyoni 200 n'ububiko bunini bwa peteroli bwinjiza igice kinini cy'amafaranga ya leta n'amadovize, ingano y'ubukungu bwa Nigeria igaragaza cyane umutungo kamere wayo n'ingano y'abaturage bayo kurusha umusaruro wayo mu bukungu rusange.

IMF ivuga ko iterambere ry'ubukungu bwa Nigeria rizagera kuri 4% ku ijana mu 2025/26 na 4.1% muri uyu mwaka 2026/27, iterambere riterwa no kwiyongera k'umusaruro wa peteroli no kwaguka kw'urwego rwa serivisi.

Gahunda yo kuvugurura ubukungu yatangijwe mu 2023, harimo gukuraho inkunga ya lisansi no gushyira ku isoko ry'ivunjisha mu bwisanzure, yatangiye kugaragaza umusaruro wa mbere.

Ariko, umwenda wa leta uteganijwe kugera kuri 35.5% bya GDP(Umusaruro rusange w'i mbere mu gihugu) mu 2025, aho kwishyura inyungu bizatwara igice kinini cyane cy'amafaranga reta yinjiza.

Bityo rero, aho Nigeria ihagaze mu rwego rw'ubukungu muri Afurika bigaragaza cyane ingano yayo isanzwe n'iy'abaturage, mu gihe intambwe yayo yo kuzahura ubukungu igaragaza inzira yo kuvugurura ubukungu itaragaragaza umusaruro wuzuye w'igihe kirekire.

4. Algeria

Ubukungu bwa Algeria bwiyongereyeho 11% bugera kuri miliyari 285 z'amadolari, bituma igihugu gifata umwanaya wa kane mu bihugu bifite bukungu ubumeze neza muri Afurika.

Kohereza peteroli na gaze mu mahanga bikomeje kuba inkingi y'ubukungu bwacyo, ikunguka bitewe n'uburyo izi ngufu ingufu zikenewe ku isi.

Mu myaka yashize, Algeria yatangiye ibikorwa byo kwagura ubukungu bwayo ishora imari mu nganda n'ingufu zishobora kongera gukoreshwa.

Ariko, iterambere muri aya mavugurura ryagenze buhoro, aho ubukungu bukomeje kwishingikiriza cyane ku nyungu ziva mu rwego rw'ibikomoka kuri karubone(Carbon).

5. Morocco

Maroc iza ku mwanya wa gatanu, aho umusaruro wayo wiyongereyeho 6.4% ukagera kuri miliyari 182.6 z'amadolari.

Imbaraga z'ubukungu bwayo zituruka mu nzego z'ubukerarugendo n'ubuhinzi, ndetse n'inganda zikomeje kwiyongera, cyane cyane mu gukora imodoka n'ibikoresho by'indege.

Ishoramari ry'ingenzi mu bikorwaremezo hamwe n'umubano w'ubucuruzi n'Uburayi byakomeje gushimangira ubukungu bwa Morocco, bituma iba imwe mu bihugu bifite ubukungu bukomeye muri Afurika y'Amajyaruguru.

Ubushobozi bw'icyambu cya Tanger bwatumye Maroc iba ihuriro ry'ingenzi ry'ubwikorezi n'ubucuruzi mu nyanja ya Atlantika na Mediterane.

Izamuka ry'ubukungu bwa Maroc naryo ryarahagaze neza kurusha bimwe mu bihugu biri hejuru yabyo mu rwego rw'ubukungu bwa Afurika.

6.Angola

Angola, kimwe bihugu binini mu gucukura no gucuruza ibitoro muri Afurika, ubukungu bwayo bwazamutseho 7.53% ku musaruro rusange w'igihugu (GDP) bugera kuri miliyari 141.73 z'amadolari.

Amafaranga menshi yinjijwe mu bitoro yagize uruhare mu kuzamuka k'ubukungu bwayo, mu gihe amavugurura agamije kugarura umutekano mu micungire y'imari ya leta no gukurura ishoramari ry'abanyamahanga atangiye gutanga umusaruro.

Ariko, imbaraga zo kwagura ubukungu uretse urwego rwa peteroli ziracyafite imbogamizi zikomeye, kandi gutandukanya amasoko y'amafaranga biracyari ikibazo cy'ingenzi mu iterambere ry'igihe kirekire rya Angola.

7. Kenya

Kenya ikomeje kuguma ku mwanya wayo nk'igihugu gifite ubukungu buri hejuru muri Afurika y'Iburasirazuba, aho ubukungu bwayo bwiyongereyeho 7.9% bugera kuri miliyari 136 z'amadolari.

Nk'uko Business Day ibitangaza, imbaraga z'ubu bukungu zituruka ku rwego rwa serivisi, harimo serivisi z'imari, ikoranabuhanga, n'ubwikorezi, ndetse n'ubuhinzi.

Nairobi ikomeje kuba ihuriro ry'ubucuruzi mu karere, irushaho gufasha iterambere ry'ubukungu no gukomeza umwanya wa Kenya nk'ihuriro ry'ibikorwa by'ubukungu mu karere.

Icyambu cya Mombasa na Gari ya Moshi ya Standard Gauge biyihuza na Nairobi ndetse n'imihanda ihuza iki gihugu n'ibyo mu karere nka Uganda no mu Rwanda bitanga ibikorwa by'ubukungu birenga imipaka ya Kenya, bigatuma iba ihuriro ry'ubucuruzi n'ubwikorezi mu karere.

8.Ghana

Ubukungu bwa Ghana bwazamutse ku kigero cya 3.2% bugera kuri miliyari 114.71 z'amadolari.

Nubwo hari ibibazo by'imari n'imyenda ya leta mu minsi ishize, iki gihugu gikomeje kuba ingenzi mu bukungu bwa Afurika bitewe n'ibyoherezwa mu mahanga nka zahabu, peteroli na kakao (cocoa).

Biteganijwe ko amavugurura akomeje mu bukungu hamwe na gahunda zishyigikiwe na IMF bizafasha mu kungera iterambere ry'ubukungu mu gihe giciriritse.

9. DR Congo

Ubukungu bwa DRC bwazamutse ku kigero cya 32.9% bugera kuri miliyari 98.83 z'amadolari.

Umutungo uva ahanini mu bucuruzi bw'amabuye y'agaciro, cyane cyane cobalt n'andi mabuye y'agaciro

Ariko, ihungabana rya politiki n'intambara mu burasirazuba bikomeje guteza ibibazo bikomeye ku iterambere ry'igihugu, bikanagabanya amahirwe gifite y'iterambere rirambye mu bukungu.

10. Ethiopia

Umusaruro wa Ethiopia w'imbere mu gihugu wiyongereyeho 11.4% ukagera kuri miliyari 109.1 z'amadolari.

Iki gihugu, kigeze mu bihugu bya Afurika bifite ubukungu bwihuta cyane, kirimo kwiyubaka buhoro buhoro nyuma y'ingaruka z'amakimbirane n'intambara yo mu gihugu.

Ishoramari riyobowe na leta mu bikorwaremezo no mu rwego rw'inganda, hamwe n'isoko rinini ry'imbere mu gihugu, bikomeje gushyigikira iterambere ry'ubukungu bwa Ethiopia no gukomeza kugera ku intego yiterambere ry'ubukungu burambye.