Kubona "intanga ngabo zihishe": Ikoranabuhanga rishya ritanga icyizere ku bagabo babwirwaga ko batabyara

Ikoranabuhanga rishya rikoresha ubwenge buhangano (AI) riri gufasha kubona intanga ngabo ku bagabo babwirwaga ko nta zo bafite, kandi rikaba riha amahirwe mashya abashakanye bamaze imyaka bagerageza kubona umwana.

Hari mu ntangiriro z'Ugushyingo (11) 2025 ubwo Penelope yakiraga telefoni ari mu modoka ataha ava ku kazi muri leta ya New Jersey muri Amerika. Yari ahamagawe na muganga we amubwira inkuru yari amaze igihe kirekire ategereje. Nyuma y'imyaka ibiri n'igice yuzuye y'igerageza rikomeye, Penelope yaje gusama.

Nyuma yo gukora ibizamini byinshi, Penelope n'umugabo we Samuel baje kumenya ko Samuel afite indwara ya Klinefelter syndrome, indwara ikomoka ku duce ndangakamere (genes) ifata abagabo bavukanye chromosome X y'inyongera, kandi akenshi ikamenyekana umuntu amaze kuba mukuru.

Abantu benshi bafite Klinefelter syndrome bagira intanga ngabo nke cyane cyangwa ntibazigire mu masohoro yabo, ikibazo kizwi nka azoospermia. Hafi 10% by'abagabo bafite ikibazo cy'ubugumba bagira azoospermia.

Yasabwe n'ibyishimo no kutabyemera, Penelope yategereje kugeza ubwo Samuel yatahutse uwo mugoroba kugira ngo amubwire iyo nkuru nziza. (Amazina yabo yombi yahinduwe kugira ngo harindwe ubuzima bwabo bwite.)

Penelope yagize ati: "Mu maso he hahise huzura amarangamutima menshi. Yararize… kuba twari tugeze kuri iyo ntambwe byadusabye imbaraga nyinshi, igihe kinini n'ubushakashatsi bwinshi. Kandi kuba twari dufite embryo (urusoro) imwe gusa, hanyuma ikabasha gutanga inda, byaradushimishije birenze urugero."

Ugutwita kwabo kwashobotse gusa kubera uburyo bushya buzwi nka Star (Sperm Track and Recovery), bwakozwe na Kaminuza ya Columbia kugira ngo bufashe gushaka intanga ngabo ku bagabo bafite azoospermia (kubura intanga ngabo mu masohoro y'umugabo).

Ubu buryo bukoresha ubwenge buhangano (AI) mu gufasha kubona no gutahura intanga ngabo nke cyane "zihishe" abagabo bafite iki kibazo bashobora kuba bafite.

Samuel yagize ati: "Nari mfite ubwoba. Natekerezaga ko ntazigera mbasha kubyara umwana wanjye bwite, kandi ibyo ni ingenzi cyane mu buzima bwanjye. Kubyumva byari agahinda gakomeye kuri njye."

Samuel yari yarabwiwe ko afite amahirwe ya 20% gusa yo kubyara.

Ubugumba bufata abantu babarirwa muri za miliyoni ku isi hose, aho umuntu umwe muri batandatu bageze mu myaka yo kubyara ahura nibura rimwe mu buzima bwe n'ikibazo cyo kudasama cyangwa kudatera inda.

Ubugumba bw'abagabo bugira uruhare rugera kuri 50% by'izo mpamvu, kandi 1% by'abagabo bose bafite ikibazo cya azoospermia.

Ibi bivuze ko bishoboka ko hari abagabo babarirwa muri za miliyoni ku isi bafite intanga ngabo nke cyane ku buryo kuzibona bigorana cyane, bigatuma bafatwa nk'abadafite intanga ngabo na gato.

Ariko ubushobozi bwa AI bwo gushaka izi ntanga ngabo zihishe mu dusabo twazo bushobora gutanga icyizere ku bantu bizeye kuzaba ababyeyi.

Zev Williams yavuze ati:"Bimeze nko gushaka intanga ngabo imwe idakunze kuboneka mu nyanja yuzuyemo ibisigazwa by'uturemangingo.

Mu mpera z'umwaka ushize, nyuma y'imyaka itanu iri koranabuhanga ritezwa imbere, umwana wa mbere wabyawe hifashishijwe uburyo bwa STAR yatumye abashakanye bari bamaze hafi imyaka 20 bahanganye n'ubugumba babasha kubona umwana.

Ni igihe Zev Williams, umukuru w'Ikigo cya Columbia University Fertility Center, hamwe n'itsinda rye batazigera bibagirwa.

Yagize ati: "Twese twarasimbukaga kubera ibyishimo. Hari ibintu bike cyane aho ibihembo by'imbaraga zose washyizemo biba byiza kandi by'agaciro nk'ibi. Ubu hari umwana w'umukobwa, kandi twizeye ko hazabaho abandi benshi cyane, Imana nibishaka."

Kuva havuka uwo mwana wa mbere wakoreshejweho uburyo bwa STAR, iri koranabuhanga ryatangiye gukoreshwa kenshi muri icyo kigo gifasha abantu kubona urubyaro. Umubare w'abifuza kurikoresha wageze mu magana, baturuka hirya no hino ku isi.

Hashingiwe ku bantu 175 baheruka gukoresha iri koranabuhanga, Williams yavuze ko babonye intanga ngabo mu bantu hafi 30%.

Aba ni abantu bari barabwiwe mbere ko nta mahirwe bafite yo kubona umwana bakoresheje intanga ngabo zabo bwite.

Mu bindi bizamini, Williams yavuze ko uburyo bwa STAR bwashoboye kubona intanga ngabo zikubye inshuro 40 izabashaga kubonwa n'umuntu wabihuguriwe wabikoraga n'amaso.

Mu buryo busanzwe, amasohoro aba arimo za miliyoni nyinshi z'intanga ngabo muri mililitiro imwe.

Agatonyanga gato k'ayo masohoro gashyirwa munsi ya microscope kugira ngo harebwe umubare w'intanga ngabo, niba zigenda neza ndetse niba zifite ubuzima bwiza.

Ariko ku bantu bafite azoospermia, bishobora kuba hari intanga ngabo imwe gusa mu masohoro yose — kandi rimwe na rimwe ntihaboneke n'imwe.

Gusesengura ayo masohoro agatonyanga ku kandi kugira ngo hashakwe iyo ntanga imwe ni ibintu bidashoboka gukora neza mu buryo busanzwe.

Williams yagize igitekerezo cya STAR mu 2020 nyuma yo gusoma uburyo AI ikoreshwa mu gushaka inyenyeri nshya mu isanzure.

Telesikopi zigezweho zitanga amakuru menshi cyane y'ikirere ku buryo bidashoboka ko abantu bayasesengura vuba. Ariko 'algorithm' zisomwa n'imashini zishobora kubikora mu minota mike.

Williams ati: "Ishusho y'ikirere yasaga cyane n'icyo tuba dushaka mu bagabo babwirwa ko nta ntanga bafite."

Yatangiye gutekereza niba byashoboka gukoresha iryo koranabuhanga mu kumenya no gutandukanya intanga ngabo muri ubwo buryo bumwe.

We n'itsinda rye bari basanzwe bakoresha ikoranabuhanga ryo gufata amashusho rikomeye cyane rishobora gufotora mu bipimo by'amasohoro.

Ikibazo cyari ugusesengura amashusho amagana ku isegonda mu gihe nyacyo kugira ngo hamenyekane intanga zishobora kuboneka.

Williams n'abo bakorana bifashisha udukoresho twa 'microfluid chips' - ikirahure cyangwa plastike gifiteho imiyoboro mito cyane ingana n'ubwoya bw'umuntu. Maze ibipimo by'amasohoro bitemba muri iyo miyoboro bikagenda bisuzumwa n'icyuma gifata amashusho.

'Algorithm' imashini ikoreraho ibasha guhita ibona intanga ngabo zishobora kuba zigaragara mu mashusho mu buryo bwihuse, ikanazirinda kwangirika.

Williams yagize ati: "Mu gihe ibipimo biri gutemba, dufata amashusho inshuro 300 ku isegonda. Ibyinshi tuba tubona ni ibisigazwa n'uduce tw'uturemangingo. Si nk'aho amazi aba arimo ubusa. Uba uri gushaka intanga imwe idakunze kuboneka mu nyanja yuzuyemo ibisigazwa."

Williams avuga ko ubu buryo bwa STAR bufite ubushobozi bugera ku 100% mu kumenya intanga, bivuze ko bushobora kubona nibura intanga imwe niba ihari.

Avuga ko ari "nko kubona ikintu batabonaga mbere."

Iyo imaze kuboneka, 'robot' ihita ikuramo iyo ntanga mu masegonda make cyane.

Williams yagize ati: "Uburyo bwa robot buhita butandukanya agace gato cyane k'ibyo bipimo kabonetsemo intanga. Ugasanga ufite umuyoboro wuzuye amazi y'amasohoro ariko nta ntanga irimo, n'agatonyanga gato karimo intanga."

Kuri Samuel, hari ikindi kibazo, kandi icya mbere kuri STAR ku bagabo bafite Klinefelter syndrome, nta ntanga ziboneka mu masohoro, bityo abaganga bagomba kuzishakisha mu dusabo tw'intanga-ngabo cyangwa amabya.

Samuel yafashe imiti y'imisemburo amezi icyenda mbere yo kubagirwa mu kindi kigo cy'ubugumba.

Ibipimo byavuye muri icyo gikorwa byoherejwe kuri laboratwari ya Columbia ngo bigenzurwe.

Eric Forman, uyobora ubuvuzi n'isesengura muri iyo Kminuza ya Colombia, yavuze ko: "Uturemangingo twavuye mu kubagwa twoherejwe muri laboratwari yacu, hanyuma turatunganywa kugira ngo dushobore kunyuzwa muri STAR."

Muri icyo gihe kandi, Penelope na we yarimo gukorerwa uburyo bwo gukurwamo igi cyangwa intanga-ngore. Ubusanzwe intanga-ngabo zitangwa ku munsi umwe kugira ngo amahirwe yo gusama abe menshi. Bari barimo gusiganwa n'igihe.

STAR yabashije kubona intanga umunani muri Samuel, hanyuma zihuzwa n'igi ry'umugore wa Penelope. Imwe muri zo yahindutse 'blastocyst' yuzuye - urwo ni urusoro ruvamo umuntu ruba rumaze iminsi hagati y'itanu n'itandatu.

Ubu umwana wabo, ushobora kuzaba umwana wa mbere w'umuhungu wabyawe hifashishijwe STAR, biteganyijwe ko azavuka mu mpera za Nyakanga (7). Ni ibintu batigeze batekereza ko bazageraho.

Penelope yagize ati:"Ubu ndumva ari ukuri kurushaho, cyane cyane kubera ko numva umwana akina. Twakoze isuzuma (scan) y'umubiri wose kandi ibintu byose bimeze neza cyane."

Gushakisha intanga imwe mu bagabo bafite azoospermia si bwo buryo bwonyine AI irimo gukoreshwa mu gukemura ibibazo by'ubugumba.

Nko mu gutera imisemburo yifashishwa mu gutera inda (IVF), AI ifasha kugena urugero rw'imiti ruhuye n'umuntu ku giti cye, ndetse n'ubundi buryo bwo guhitamo intanga nziza n'urusoro rwiza.

Ariko impuguke zemeza ko hakenewe ubushakashatsi bwinshi burambuye kugira ngo harebwe ingaruka ndende, ndetse n'ibibazo bijyanye no kurinda amakuru y'ubuvuzi, ibanga, n'ishyirwa mu bikorwa ry'izo serivisi.

Hari kandi impungenge ko ubu buhanga bwa AI bushobora gutanga icyizere kirenze urugero.

Siobhan Quenby, umwarimu mu by'ukubyaza muri Kaminuza ya Warwick mu Bwongereza, yagize ati: "Abashakanye bamara igihe kirekire bashaka umwana bashobora kwiheba cyane, bigatuma bashukwa bagatanga amafaranga menshi ku miti itanazwi neza ko ifite akamaro."

Yongeyeho ati: "Ni byiza cyane kubona ko ubumenyi buhanitse, ubwubatsi n'ubwenge buhangano byahujwe kugira ngo bikemure ikibazo cy'ubugumba bukomeye ku bagabo.

"Kubasha gutwita rimwe ni intambwe ikomeye. Ariko hakenewe ubushakashatsi bwinshi ku bantu benshi mbere y'uko iyi miti yemezwa burundu."

Kuri Samuel, afite icyizere kuri ubu bwenge buhangano AI ko buzongera kumufasha we n'umugore bakagura umuryango kuko ahazaza hamuteye amatsiko menshi.

Yagize ati: " Cyane, ubu turashaka n'undi umwana mu minsi iri imbere, nubwo bisa n'aho tugiye kongera guca muri icyo gikorwa kuko nta kindi twabika uretse intanga. Ariko ubu dufite icyizere, ikintu tutari dufite mbere."