ONU yatoye yemeza ikarita nshya y'isi yo kugaragaza ingano nyayo y'Afurika

Inteko rusange y'Umuryango w'Abibumbye (ONU) yatoreye gusimbuza ikarita gakondo y'Afurika igasimburwa n'ikarita igaragaza kurushaho ingano nyayo y'Afurika.

Uwo mwanzuro wiswe "Kosora Ikarita" (cyangwa "Correct the Map" mu Cyongereza), wavuye ku gitekerezo cyatanzwe na Togo ndetse ukaba ushyigikiwe n'ibihugu bigize umuryango w'Ubumwe bw'Afurika (AU), wemejwe n'ibihugu 164, birimo Ubufaransa n'Ubwongereza. Amerika ni cyo gihugu cyonyine cyatoye kidashyigikira uwo mwanzuro – ndetse ibihugu bitandatu byifashe.

Iri tora rya ONU si itegeko ryo gukurikiza iyo karita nshya ariko rizatuma habaho impinduka ku makarita akoreshwa n'ibigo binyuranye ku isi.

Ikarita ya Mercator, ikoreshwa cyane kuva mu kinyejana cya 16, iranengwa cyane kuko igaragaza Afurika iyinganisha n'ikirwa cya Greenland, nubwo Afurika iruta Greenland inshuro 14.

Abanenga iyo karita bavuga ko ibyo bituma ibicyenewe mu iterambere hamwe n'ubushobozi bwo gutera imbere bw'ibihugu biri hafi ya koma y'isi (Équateur) bigabanywa.

Ikarita ya Mercator yashushanyijwe mu 1569 n'Umubiligi wo mu bwoko bw'Aba-Flamand, Gerardus Mercator, wari impuguke mu bumenyi bw'isi no gushushanya amakarita, kugira ngo ifashe abashakashatsi b'i Burayi batemberaga isi bashaka kumenya ahantu hanyuranye.

Uko kugoreka mu ikarita ye kwatewe no kuba bidashoboka kugaragaza neza neza ubuso bw'umubumbe w'isi ku ikarita y'ikinyampande ebyiri.

Igihe cyose ikarita y'isi ishushanyijwe, hacyenerwa ko hari ibyemerwa guharwa (kurekwa).

Ikarita ya Mercator igaragaza guhetama kw'isi binyuze mu gutuma ibihugu biri hafi ya koma y'isi bigaragara ari bito cyane kurusha uko bisanzwe bingana, mu gihe ibihugu byegereye impera z'isi bigaragara ari binini cyane kurushaho.

Mu rwego rwo gukosora ibi, mu mwaka wa 2018 itsinda ry'impuguke mu gushushanya amakarita ryakoze ikarita y'ubuso bungana ryise igishushanyo cy'Isi Ingana (cyangwa "Equal Earth" mu Cyongereza).

Muri Gashyantare (2) uyu mwaka, ibihugu 54 by'ibinyamuryango bya AU byemeje icyo gishushanyo, ndetse byavuze ko "kigaragaza bya nyabyo kurushaho ingano z'imigabane yose, by'umwihariko Afurika".

Itsinda ry'ubukangurambaga bwo ku mbuga zo kuri murandasi (internet), ryitwa #CorrectTheMap, ryagize riti: "Ushobora gushyira Leta Zunze Ubumwe [z'Amerika], Ubushinwa, Ubuhinde, Ubuyapani, Mexique n'igice kinini cy'Uburayi muri Afurika ndetse na bwo ukaba ugisigaje [ugisigaranye] ubutaka."

Mbere y'iryo tora ryo ku wa gatanu, Minisitiri w'ububanyi n'amahanga wa Togo Robert Dussey yabwiye ibiro ntaramakuru Reuters ati: "Isi itarenganya itangirira ku ikarita itarenganya."

Mbere yaho, yari yavugiye muri ONU ati: "Ikarita nta na rimwe iba itabogamye. Igena imitekerereze, igira uruhare mu kuntu umwanya w'abantu n'imigabane ku isi wumvikanamo."

Yari ashyigikiwe na Minisitiri w'ububanyi n'amahanga w'Ubufaransa Jean-Noël Barrot, wavuze ko minisiteri akuriye igiye kureka gukoresha ikarita ya Mercator.

Yagize ati: "Guhindura ikarita birumvikana ko bidahindura isi. Ariko gukosora imigaragarize iyigoreka byo ubwabyo ni igikorwa cy'ukuri."

Ariko Yaryna Ferencevych, uhagarariye Amerika muri ONU, yavuze ko uwo mwanzuro uhaye inkwenene akazi n'intego by'inteko rusange ya ONU.

Yagize ati: "Aho kwibanda ku bibazo nyabyo by'amahoro ku isi, uburumbuke [iterambere], cyangwa umubano mwiza, uyu muryango urimo kujya impaka ku bishushanyo by'ikarita byo mu kinyejana cya 16, no ku ruhare rwabyo mu gutuma habaho indishyi n''ubutabera bwo mu bumenyi'."

Muri Werurwe (3) uyu mwaka, Amerika na bwo yanenze umwanzuro wemejwe wo gutangaza ko ubucuruzi bw'abacakara bwambukiranyaga inyanja y'Atlantika bwari "icyaha cya mbere kibi cyane cyibasiye inyokomuntu".

Lerato Mogoatlhe, wo mu itsinda ryitwa "Africa No Filter" (cyangwa, ugenekereje mu Kinyarwanda, Afurika idahinduweho na gato), rimwe mu matsinda yakoze ubukangurambaga bwo kureka gukoresha ikarita ya Mercator, yabwiye BBC ati:

"Kugaragaza Afurika ukutari ko ku makarita y'isi si ikosa ryo ku ikarita gusa - ni ikibazo cy'ukuntu ivugwa."

Yavuze ko ari kimwe mu bikorwa byo guhagarika "ikwirakwizwa ry'amakuru atari ukuri rya mbere rimaze igihe kirekire cyane ku isi n'ikwirakwizwa ku bushake ry'amakuru atari ukuri rya mbere rimaze igihe kirekire ku isi" rijyanye n'Afurika.

Naho kuri Kioko Muendo, impuguke mu bumenyi bw'isi wo muri Kenya, we asanga ikarita ya Mercator ipfobya mu buryo buteruye umutungo mwinshi cyane w'umugabane w'Afurika, abaturage bawo n'amahirwe y'ishoramari.

Yabwiye BBC ati: "Amakarita arenze kuba ari uburyo bwo kuyobora abakora ingendo - agena ukuntu uturere tubonwa [dufatwa] muri politike no mu bukungu."