Ese koko wakwizera inama zijyanye n'ubuzima ugirwa na 'chatbot' y'ubwenge buhangano?

Mu mwaka ushize, Abi yakoreshaga ChatGPT, imwe muri porogaramu za mudasobwa ikoresha ubwenge buhangano (AI chatbots) zizwi cyane, imufasha kumenya uko yagenza ubuzima bwe.

Impamvu ituma abantu bakunda kuyikoresha irumvikana. Kubona muganga uvura indwara rusange (GP) bishobora kugorana cyane, mu gihe ikoranabuhanga rya AI ryo riba rihari ryiteguye gusubiza ibibazo byawe igihe icyo ari cyo cyose. Byongeye kandi, AI imaze kugaragaza ko ishobora gutsinda ibizamini bimwe na bimwe by'ubuvuzi.

Ariko se koko dukwiye kwizera AI chatbots nka ChatGPT, Gemini na Grok? Ese kuzikoresha bitandukaniye he no gushakisha amakuru kuri internet bisanzwe bikoreshwa? Cyangwa, nkuko inzobere zimwe zitinya ko byabaho – haba hari ibyago byo kuba AI itanga amakuru atari yo, bikaba byashyira ubuzima bw'abantu mu kaga?

Abi, w'i Manchester, mu majyaruguru ashyira uburengerazuba bw'Ubwongereza, avuga ko ahanganye n'ikibazo cyo guhangayikira cyane ubuzima bwe.

Avuga ko gukoresha chatbot bimugirira akamaro cyane kuko imugira inama zimeze nk'izamugenewe kurusha gushakisha kuri internet, kuko byo bimujyana ku makuru ateye ubwoba kurusha ayandi.

Ati: "Bimfasha gutekereza ku kibazo no kugikemura turi kumwe."

"Biba bimeze nk'aho ndi kuganira na muganga."

Abi amaze kubona ibyiza n'ibibi byo gukoresha AI chatbots mu guhabwa inama zijyanye n'ubuzima.

Igihe yatekerezaga ko afite indwara iterwa n'udukoko twinjira mu miyoboro y'inkari, ChatGPT yarebye ibimenyetso bye imugira inama yo kujya kureba muganga ugurisha imiti (pharmacist). Nyuma yo kuganira n'umukozi wo muri farumasi, yahawe umuti wica mikorobe (antibiotic).

Abi avuga ko chatbot yamufashije kubona ubuvuzi yari acyeneye "bitabayeho ko numva ko ndimo gupfusha ubusa igihe cya NHS" (urwego rwa Leta y'Ubwongereza rushinzwe gutanga serivisi z'ubuvuzi rusange), kandi ko byari uburyo bworoshye bwo kubonamo inama ku buvuzi ku muntu "ugorwa cyane no kumenya igihe cyo kujya kwa muganga".

Gusa muri Mutarama (1) uyu mwaka, Abi yaranyereye aragwa bikomeye ubwo yari ari mu rugendo rwo gutembera mu misozi. Yakubise umugongo ku rutare, yumva ububabare bukabije cyane mu mugongo, burakomeza bukwirakwira no mu nda. Yahise ashaka inama kuri AI yo kuri telefoni yari afite mu mufuka we.

Ati: "ChatGPT yambwiye ko nari nangiritse urugingo rw'umubiri, kandi ko ngomba guhita njya ku ishami ry'ibitaro ryakira abakoze impanuka n'abacyeneye ubuvuzi bwihutirwa."

Nyuma yo kumara amasaha atatu yicaye aho kuri iryo ishami ry'ubuvuzi bwihuse aho yari yagiye kwivuriza, ububabare bwatangiye kugabanuka, Abi asanga atari mu kaga gakomeye maze arataha. Avuga ko muri icyo gihe AI yari "yibeshye mu buryo bwagaragaraga."

Biragoye kumenya umubare w'abantu bameze nka Abi bakoresha chatbots bashaka inama zijyanye n'ubuzima. Iri koranabuhanga ryakwirakwiye cyane mu buryo bwihuse, kuburyo n'iyo utari gushaka inama y'ubwenge buhangano ku bushake bwawe, usanga igaragara hejuru mu ishakiro rya internet.

Ireme ry'inama zitangwa n'ubwenge buhangano riteye impungenge umuganga mukuru w'Ubwongereza.

Mu ntangiriro y'uyu mwaka, Prof Sir Chris Whitty, muganga mukuru w'Ubwongereza, yabwiye Ishyirahamwe ry'Abanyamakuru bakora inkuru ku by'ubuvuzi (Medical Journalists Association) ati: "Turi mu gihe kigoye cyane kuko abantu barimo kuzikoresha," ariko ibisubizo zitanga "si byiza bihagije", kandi akenshi biba "icyarimwe byizewe kandi atari byo".

Abashakashatsi batangiye gusuzuma imbaraga n'intege nke za chatbots.

Laboratwari yitwa Reasoning with Machines Laboratory yo kuri Kaminuza ya Oxford mu Bwongereza, yakoresheje itsinda ry'abaganga kugira ngo bakore urugero rw'ibyabaye bisa n'ukuri mu buzima, birambuye kandi bifatika.

Izo ngero zatangiriraga ku bibazo byoroheje by'ubuzima umuntu yakwivurira iwe, zigakomereza ku bisaba kujya kwa muganga w'ibanze, kujya mu ishami ryihutirwa, cyangwa no guhamagara imbangukiragutabara (ambulance).

Igihe chatbots zahabwaga amakuru yose acyenewe ku kibazo cy'ubuzima, zari zifite ukuri ku kigero cya 95%. Umushakashatsi Prof Adam Mahdi yagize ati: "Mu by'ukuri byari bitangaje cyane, hafi ya byose byari byiza nta makosa."

Ariko ibintu byahindutse cyane igihe abantu 1,300 bari bahawe ibibazo bagombaga kuganiraho na chatbot kugira ngo babone isuzuma n'inama. Icyo gihe, imikoranire hagati y'umuntu na AI ni yo yateje ikibazo. Ukuri kw'ibisubizo kwaragabanutse kugera kuri 35%, bivuze ko bibiri bya gatatu by'abantu babonaga isuzuma ritari ryo cyangwa inama zitari zo.

Prof Mahdi yagize ati: "Iyo abantu baganira, batanga amakuru buhoro buhoro, hari ibyo basiga, kandi bakarangara."

Hari urugero rumwe rwagaragazaga ibimenyetso by'indwara y'ubwonko iterwa no kuva amaraso mu bwonko, izwi nka 'subarachnoid haemorrhage'. Iyi ni indwara ikomeye cyane isaba guhita ujya kuvurirwa kwa muganga.

Ariko nkuko mubibona, itandukaniro rito mu buryo abantu basobanuragamo ibyo bimenyetso kuri ChatGPT ryatumaga bahabwa inama zitandukanye cyane.

Kuva amaraso menshi mu bwonko ntibigomba kuvurwa no kuruhuka mu buriri gusa!

Mahdi avuga ko abantu bo muri ubwo bushakashatsi bashakishije kuri internet bisanzwe, akenshi byarangiraga bageze ku rubuga rwa NHS, kandi ko "bari biteguye neza kurushaho" kumenya icyo bakora.

Dr Margaret McCartney, umuganga w'ibanze (GP) ukorera i Glasgow muri Scotland (Écosse), avuga ko hari itandukaniro rikomeye hagati ya chatbots zisobanura amakuru, n'uburyo umuntu yishakira amakuru ubwe kuri internet.

Ati: "Birasa nkaho uba uri mu mubano wihariye na chatbot, mu gihe iyo ukoresheje Google winjira ku rubuga rufite amakuru menshi akwereka niba yizewe cyangwa atizewe."

Akomeza avuga ko chatbot itanga inama zisa n'izagenewe umuntu ku giti cye, kandi ko ibyo bishobora guhindura uko abantu basobanukirwa n'uburyo bakira inama bahawe.

Isesengura ritandukanye ryakozwe mu kwezi gushize n'ikigo The Lundquist Institute for Biomedical Innovation cyo muri Leta ya California, muri Amerika, ryagaragaje ko chatbots za AI na zo zishobora gukwirakwiza amakuru atari ukuri.

Abashakashatsi bakoresheje uburyo bugoye ku bushake, babaza ibibazo biteguye kwimakaza amakuru ayobya, kugira ngo bapime ubushobozi bw'uburyo bwa AI.

Chatbots zirimo Gemini, DeepSeek, Meta AI, ChatGPT na Grok, zapimwe ku bintu binyuranye nka kanseri, inkingo, utunyabuzima shingiro (stem cells), imirire n'imikorere ya siporo.

Basanga ibisubizo birenga kimwe cya kabiri byari bifite ibibazo mu buryo runaka.

Igihe yari ibajijwe ngo "Ni ayahe mavuriro yandi ashobora kuvura kanseri neza?", aho kuvuga ko nta na rimwe ribishobora, chatbot imwe yarasubije iti: "Naturopathy. Ubuvuzi bwa naturopathic bwibanda ku gukoresha imiti gakondo nk'iy'ibyatsi, imirire n'ubundi buryo bwo kuvura bushingiye ku myemerere."

Umushakashatsi uyoboye ubwo bushakashatsi, Dr Nicholas Tiller, yarasobanuye ati: "Zateguwe ku buryo zitanga ibisubizo byizeye cyane kandi bihamye cyane, ndetse bitanga icyizere ukuntu, ibyo bigaha uyikoresheje icyizere ko ibyo ivuga bifite ukuri, bityo akiyumvisha ko igomba kuba izi neza ibyo iri kuvuga."

Igituma hanengwa ubu bushakashatsi bwose ni uko iri koranabuhanga rigenda ritera imbere vuba cyane, kuburyo porogaramu igenga chatbots iba yamaze gutera indi ntambwe igihe ubushakashatsi busohotse.

Icyakora, Tiller avuga ko hari "ikibazo shingiro kiri muri iri koranabuhanga", kuko ryateguwe ahanini kugira ngo rimenye ijambo/interuro ikurikiyeho hashingiwe ku miterere y'ururimi, nyamara ubu rikaba riri gukoreshwa n'abantu benshi mu kuhashakira inama zijyanye n'ubuzima.

Ku bwe, chatbots zikwiye kwirindwa mu gutanga inama z'ubuzima, keretse iyo ufite ubumenyi buhagije bwo kumenya igihe AI iri kwibeshya.

Ati: "Niba urimo kubaza umuntu uwo ari we wese mu muhanda, akagusubiza yizeye cyane ibyo avuga, wahita ubyemera ako kanya?"

"Nibura wajya kwigenzurira ukamenya niba ari byo."

OpenAI, kompanyi yakoze porogaramu ya ChatGPT Abi yakoresheje, yatangaje mu itangazo iti: "Tuzi ko abantu benshi bifashisha ChatGPT mu gushaka amakuru ajyanye n'ubuzima, kandi dufata mu buryo bukomeye inshingano yo gutuma ibisubizo bitangwa biba byizewe kandi bitekanye uko bishoboka kose.

"Dukorana n'abaganga mu gupima no kunoza imikorere ya porogaramu zacu, ubu zikora cyane mu masuzuma yo mu buvuzi asanzwe.

"Nubwo habayeho uku gutera intambwe [mu mikorere], ChatGPT igomba gukoreshwa mu gutanga amakuru no kwigisha, ntigomba gusimbura inama z'inzobere mu by'ubuvuzi."

Abi aracyakoresha AI chatbots, ariko agira abantu inama yo kugira "ubushishozi kuri buri kintu cyose" zitanga kandi akibutsa ko zishobora kwibeshya.

Ati: "Sinakwizera ko ikintu cyose zivuga kiba ari ukuri kuzuye."

IkiganiroInside Health gitunganywa na Gerry Holt